[{"_1":2,"_1513":-5,"_1514":-5},"loaderData",{"_3":4,"_885":886},"root",{"_5":6,"_7":8,"_9":10,"_11":12,"_13":14,"_15":16,"_27":28,"_33":34,"_37":24,"_38":39,"_42":-7,"_43":44,"_49":-7,"_50":51,"_62":63,"_64":65,"_83":84,"_773":774,"_775":-7,"_776":777,"_790":791,"_821":822},"href","http://www.itprotoday.com/operating-systems/microsoft-windows?page=117","brand","itprotoday","domainUrl","https://www.itprotoday.com","authenticationStatus","anonymous","siteName","ITPro Today","ads",{"_17":18,"_19":20,"_21":22,"_23":24,"_25":26},"networkId",3834,"parentAdUnit","itprotoday.home","enabledAds","all","checkClientIP",false,"disableSponsorBar",true,"authConfig",{"_29":24,"_30":-7,"_31":-7,"_32":24},"enabled","authenticationConfigId","standaloneRegistrationPage","disableCaptcha","vwo",{"_29":26,"_35":36},"accountId","734041","isDctsTurnOn","oneTrust",{"_40":41},"siteId","dfd08c13-c8cf-43d1-8ccc-a1ca99dc6d5e","cookieBanner","gtmIds",{"_45":46,"_47":48},"primary","GTM-5523ZCM","secondary","GTM-MTN2X7K","pageContent","ui",{"_7":8,"_52":53,"_54":55},"theme","theme1","font",{"_45":56,"_47":61},{"_57":58,"_59":60},"name","Inter","url","https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@100;200;300;400;500;600;700;800;900&display=swap",{"_57":58,"_59":60},"environment","prod","featureToggles",{"_66":24,"_67":24,"_68":24,"_69":24,"_70":24,"_71":24,"_72":24,"_73":24,"_74":24,"_75":24,"_76":77,"_78":24,"_79":24,"_80":26,"_81":26,"_82":26},"elnNewsletter","elnWithoutNewsletter","iirisAuthentication","subBrand","useSettingsRedirectAPIVersion1","gatingEnabled","iirisRecommendationDisabled","iasPetEnabled","bridgedMediaEnabled","ecommerceEnabled","iirisRecommendationVer","version4","weather3MonthForecastEnabled","legacyHomepage","oneTrustEnabled","transcendEnabled","useTechInformaBar","layout",{"_85":86,"_106":107,"_130":131,"_577":578,"_697":698,"_704":705,"_771":26,"_772":24},"socialLinks",[87,91,94,97,100,103],{"_88":89,"_59":90},"type","Facebook","https://www.facebook.com/ITProToday/",{"_88":92,"_59":93},"Twitter","https://twitter.com/ITProToday",{"_88":95,"_59":96},"Linkedin","https://www.linkedin.com/company/itpro-today/",{"_88":98,"_59":99},"Youtube","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCedUgT8R7qC3vsOSxXS5-ZA",{"_88":101,"_59":102},"GoogleNews","https://news.google.com/publications/CAAqKQgKIiNDQklTRkFnTWFoQUtEbWwwY0hKdmRHOWtZWGt1WTI5dEtBQVAB",{"_88":104,"_59":105},"RSS","https://www.itprotoday.com/rss.xml","informaBar",{"_29":26,"_108":109,"_127":128},"leftSection",{"_110":111,"_112":113},"description","Together, we power an unparalleled network of 220+ online properties covering 10,000+ granular topics, serving an audience of 50+ million professionals with original, objective content from trusted sources. We help you gain critical insights and make more informed decisions across your business priorities.","subMenu",[114,118,121,124],{"_115":116,"_59":117},"title","INFORMA PLC","https://informa.com/",{"_115":119,"_59":120},"ABOUT US","https://informa.com/about-us/",{"_115":122,"_59":123},"INVESTOR RELATIONS","https://informa.com/investors/",{"_115":125,"_59":126},"TALENT","https://informa.com/talent/","rightSection",{"_110":129},"This site is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. Informa PLC's registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales. Number 8860726.","nav",{"_132":133,"_567":568},"mainMenuItems",[134,207,272,308,352,391,439,473,496,531],{"_115":135,"_59":136,"_137":138,"_139":136,"_140":26,"_112":141,"_154":155},"Cloud","/cloud-computing","seeAllLink","SEE ALL Cloud","seeAllLinkUrl","hasSubMenu",[142,145,148,151],{"_115":143,"_59":144},"Cloud Services","/cloud-computing/cloud-services",{"_115":146,"_59":147},"Hybrid Cloud","/cloud-computing/hybrid-cloud",{"_115":149,"_59":150},"Private Cloud","/cloud-computing/private-cloud",{"_115":152,"_59":153},"Public Cloud","/cloud-computing/public-cloud","recentContents",[156,195],{"_157":158,"_163":164,"_165":164,"_166":167,"_168":169,"_170":171,"_172":173,"_174":171,"_175":176,"_177":178,"_179":180,"_181":182,"_189":190,"_191":192,"_193":194},"thumbnail",{"_159":160,"_161":162},"src","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt120180a9e7438bb3/67856d1837fb046f3fabaad3/crystal-ball-1716x965_-_2025-01-13.jpg","alt","hand hovering over a crystal ball","articleName","2025 Tech Anti-Predictions: What Won't Make Waves in the Year Ahead","mobileHeadline","articleSummary","Despite the hype around advancements in areas like quantum computing and AI data centers, industry trends suggest these eight technologies will not see significant adoption or transformation in 2025.","articleUrl","/it-management/2025-tech-anti-predictions-what-won-t-make-waves-in-the-year-ahead","listPageUrl","","date","Jan 14, 2025","webinarStartTime","categoryName","IT Management","categoryUrl","/it-management","contentType","Article","contributors",[183],{"_57":184,"_185":186,"_187":188},"Christopher Tozzi","link","/author/christopher-tozzi","avatar","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt363e2b757d4697ca/6613c9a4e92bcfe48a891995/christophertozzi_2.jpg","timeRead",8,"variant","card-vertical","layoutVariant","vertical",{"_157":196,"_163":199,"_165":199,"_166":200,"_168":201,"_170":171,"_172":202,"_174":171,"_175":203,"_177":136,"_179":180,"_181":204,"_189":206,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":197,"_161":198},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt3bd8bebccbb2816b/6780eb04966e69078ffe0eb2/cloud-on-tablet-1716x965_-_2025-01-10.jpg","finger pointing to a cloud on a tablet screen","Cloud Trends to Watch in 2025: Sustainability, Supercloud, and a Shift Beyond Edge","As cloud computing matures, 2025 will bring a push for measurable sustainability, growing interest in supercloud architecture, and the normalization of multicloud environments.","/cloud-computing/cloud-trends-to-watch-in-2025-sustainability-supercloud-and-a-shift-beyond-edge","Jan 10, 2025","Cloud Computing",[205],{"_57":184,"_185":186,"_187":188},4,{"_115":208,"_59":209,"_137":210,"_139":209,"_140":26,"_112":211,"_154":242},"OS","/operating-systems","See All OS",[212,215,218,221,224,227,230,233,236,239],{"_115":213,"_59":214},"Microsoft Windows","/operating-systems/microsoft-windows",{"_115":216,"_59":217},"Windows Server","/operating-systems/windows-server",{"_115":219,"_59":220},"PowerShell","/operating-systems/powershell",{"_115":222,"_59":223},"Linux OS","/operating-systems/linux-os",{"_115":225,"_59":226},"SQL Server","/operating-systems/sql-server",{"_115":228,"_59":229},"MacOS","/operating-systems/macos",{"_115":231,"_59":232},"Android OS","/operating-systems/android-os",{"_115":234,"_59":235},"ChromeOS","/operating-systems/chromeos",{"_115":237,"_59":238},"Ubuntu","/operating-systems/ubuntu",{"_115":240,"_59":241},"Red Hat OS","/operating-systems/red-hat-os",[243,258],{"_157":244,"_163":247,"_165":247,"_166":248,"_168":249,"_170":250,"_172":251,"_174":171,"_175":222,"_177":223,"_179":252,"_181":253,"_189":190,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":245,"_161":246},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt29ac07e9aa1af956/6781343c37fb04124faba3f3/apparmor_thumbnail.png","a graphic with the words get started with apparmor ubuntu tutorial against a metallic background and a screenshot of the linux terminal window","How To Use AppArmor to Lock Down Linux Applications","Watch this video tutorial to learn how to install, configure, and manage AppArmor for enhanced Linux security.","/linux-os/how-to-use-apparmor-to-lock-down-linux-applications","/videos","Jan 13, 2025","Video",[254],{"_57":255,"_185":256,"_187":257},"Grant Knoetze","/author/grant-knoetze","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltb840b8274b6e83ca/6613c9f9ddf6623b6265761c/Grant-Knoetze-cropped.jpg",{"_157":259,"_163":262,"_165":262,"_166":263,"_168":264,"_170":171,"_172":265,"_174":171,"_175":219,"_177":220,"_179":180,"_181":266,"_189":271,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":260,"_161":261},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltff6faac8fdc0475b/677ed51bbf2d063fa2702fca/Windows_Presentation_Foundation.png","the words windows presentation foundation across a background of metallic gears","Building WPF GUIs in PowerShell: Beginner’s Guide","This guide walks you through creating a PowerShell GUI with Windows Presentation Foundation. We will examine key differences from Windows Forms, focusing on how WPF uses a grid layout to position GUI elements.","/powershell/building-wpf-guis-in-powershell-beginner-s-guide","Jan 9, 2025",[267],{"_57":268,"_185":269,"_187":270},"Brien Posey","/author/brien-posey","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltbd2d61ed5b87072c/6613c9a9bce8e3a5a1d68782/Brien_Posey.jpg",6,{"_115":273,"_59":178,"_137":274,"_139":178,"_140":26,"_112":275,"_154":291},"IT Mgmt","See All IT Mgmt",[276,279,282,285,288],{"_115":277,"_59":278},"IT Operations","/it-management/it-operations",{"_115":280,"_59":281},"DevOps","/it-management/devops",{"_115":283,"_59":284},"Ops and More","/it-management/ops-and-more",{"_115":286,"_59":287},"IT Sustainability","/it-management/it-sustainability",{"_115":289,"_59":290},"IT Automation","/it-management/it-automation",[292,296],{"_157":293,"_163":164,"_165":164,"_166":167,"_168":169,"_170":171,"_172":173,"_174":171,"_175":176,"_177":178,"_179":180,"_181":294,"_189":190,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":160,"_161":162},[295],{"_57":184,"_185":186,"_187":188},{"_157":297,"_163":300,"_165":300,"_166":301,"_168":302,"_170":171,"_172":251,"_174":171,"_175":280,"_177":281,"_179":180,"_181":303,"_189":206,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":298,"_161":299},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt5dcb849c65b5619d/6784fcfdf6e5f36c47f50323/software-developer-1716x965_-_2025-01-13.jpg","software developer working at his computer","Software Development Productivity Crisis Costing Companies Millions","The Harness State of Software Delivery 2025 report finds that AI alone doesn't answer the challenges of modern software development.","/devops/software-development-productivity-crisis-costing-companies-millions",[304],{"_57":305,"_185":306,"_187":307},"Sean Michael Kerner","/author/sean-michael-kerner","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltee90581768c0b698/661d3e06d44b2446681f4a1d/SM-kerner.png",{"_115":309,"_59":310,"_137":311,"_139":310,"_140":26,"_112":312,"_154":322},"Career","/career-management","See All Career Mgmt",[313,316,319],{"_115":314,"_59":315},"Career Tips","/career-management/career-tips",{"_115":317,"_59":318},"Certifications","/career-management/certifications",{"_115":320,"_59":321},"Training","/career-management/training",[323,337],{"_157":324,"_163":327,"_165":327,"_166":328,"_168":329,"_170":171,"_172":202,"_174":171,"_175":330,"_177":310,"_179":180,"_181":331,"_189":336,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":325,"_161":326},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt02b1223b655cab7d/6780f7215fc7534c8152239a/robot-and-human-working-together-1716x965.jpg","robot and human working on computers","Training Employees for the Future with Digital Humans","As technological change accelerates and outdated training methods falter, AI-driven digital humans offer businesses a scalable solution to reskill employees with greater engagement, retention, and efficiency.","/career-management/training-employees-for-the-future-with-digital-humans","Career Management",[332],{"_57":333,"_185":334,"_187":335},"Industry Perspectives","/author/industry-perspectives","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltd7fa51c8929351c1/6659df384bcb3c8c0e786295/ITP_IP.png",5,{"_157":338,"_163":341,"_165":341,"_166":342,"_168":343,"_170":171,"_172":344,"_174":171,"_175":345,"_177":346,"_179":180,"_181":347,"_189":206,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":339,"_161":340},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltc083e53513d37d23/677e658be3dd24fd254429d6/software-development-1716x965_-_2025-01-08.jpg","script and source code on a screen","Top 10 Software Development Stories of 2024","In 2024, our most popular software development articles covered developer trends, the growing role of AI in coding, new security threats, and more.","/software-development/top-10-software-development-stories-of-2024","Jan 8, 2025","Software Development","/software-development",[348],{"_57":349,"_185":350,"_187":351},"ITPro Today Staff","/author/itpro-today-staff","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt4cc8025f87b35f78/6647125c6e488f989a4ccdc7/ITP_ContributorPlaceholder.png",{"_115":353,"_59":354,"_137":355,"_139":354,"_140":26,"_112":356,"_154":369},"Storage","/data-storage","See All Data Storage",[357,360,363,366],{"_115":358,"_59":359},"Cloud Storage","/data-storage/cloud-storage",{"_115":361,"_59":362},"High Speed Storage","/data-storage/high-speed-storage",{"_115":364,"_59":365},"Data Backup","/data-storage/data-backup",{"_115":367,"_59":368},"Disaster Recovery","/data-storage/disaster-recovery",[370,380],{"_157":371,"_163":374,"_165":374,"_166":375,"_168":376,"_170":171,"_172":173,"_174":171,"_175":377,"_177":354,"_179":180,"_181":378,"_189":336,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":372,"_161":373},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt6683503e310fd204/6786b7182efe0dba9ad7ca01/AI-1716x965.jpg","AI written in front of code","How to Get Better Data Insights with AI-Driven SQL","The integration of AI with SQL is transforming data management, providing deeper insights, automating more mundane tasks, and improving user experiences.","/data-storage/how-to-get-better-data-insights-with-ai-driven-sql","Data Storage",[379],{"_57":333,"_185":334,"_187":335},{"_157":381,"_163":384,"_165":384,"_166":385,"_168":386,"_170":171,"_172":387,"_174":171,"_175":377,"_177":354,"_179":180,"_181":388,"_189":390,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":382,"_161":383},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt5cf6981f0391a63e/676f4601595b3605e3e9f349/top_10_(2).png","the words top 10 data storage stories of 2024 on a digital data background and a cartoon of a person uploading data from their laptop to the cloud","Top 10 Stories About Data Storage of 2024","In 2024, our most popular storage articles covered hardware refreshes, disaster recovery planning, and storage solutions for AI workloads. ","/data-storage/top-10-stories-about-data-storage-of-2024","Dec 27, 2024",[389],{"_57":349,"_185":350,"_187":351},3,{"_115":392,"_59":393,"_137":394,"_139":393,"_140":26,"_112":395,"_154":417},"Security","/it-security","See All IT Security",[396,399,402,405,408,411,414],{"_115":397,"_59":398},"Vulnerabilities & Threats","/it-security/vulnerabilities-threats",{"_115":400,"_59":401},"Attacks & Breaches","/it-security/attacks-breaches",{"_115":403,"_59":404},"Regulatory Compliance","/it-security/regulatory-compliance",{"_115":406,"_59":407},"Data Privacy","/it-security/data-privacy",{"_115":409,"_59":410},"Cloud Security","/it-security/cloud-security",{"_115":412,"_59":413},"Endpoint Security","/it-security/endpoint-security",{"_115":415,"_59":416},"Identity Mgmt & Access Control","/it-security/identity-management-access-control",[418,435],{"_157":419,"_163":422,"_165":422,"_166":423,"_168":424,"_170":171,"_172":173,"_174":171,"_175":409,"_177":410,"_179":180,"_181":425,"_189":434,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":420,"_161":421},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltfcb48ca3863617d9/678688ecdc9df344ca3df127/image-1716x965_-_2025-01-14T105326.127.jpg","padlocks in front of a cloud symbolize cloud security","Cloud Attackers Exploit Max-Critical Aviatrix RCE Flaw","The security vulnerability tracked as CVE-2024-50603, which rates 10 out of 10 on the CVSS scale, enables unauthenticated remote code execution on affected systems, which cyberattackers are using to plant malware.\n","/cloud-security/cloud-attackers-exploit-max-critical-aviatrix-rce-flaw",[426,430],{"_57":427,"_185":428,"_187":429},"Jai Vijayan","/author/jai-vijayan","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt2493953a95cd126f/6613c9b888728662974ed18d/Jai-Vijayan.jpg",{"_57":431,"_185":432,"_187":433},"Dark Reading","/author/dark-reading","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt2e67d99230e0e086/6632b730244681203aacbebc/285801_DR23_Graphics_Website_Author_Logo_0.png",1,{"_157":436,"_163":164,"_165":164,"_166":167,"_168":169,"_170":171,"_172":173,"_174":171,"_175":176,"_177":178,"_179":180,"_181":437,"_189":190,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":160,"_161":162},[438],{"_57":184,"_185":186,"_187":188},{"_115":440,"_59":346,"_137":441,"_139":346,"_140":26,"_112":442,"_154":455},"Dev","See All Software Dev",[443,446,449,452],{"_115":444,"_59":445},"Cloud Native","/software-development/cloud-native",{"_115":447,"_59":448},"Programming Languages","/software-development/programming-languages",{"_115":450,"_59":451},"No-Code/Low-Code","/software-development/no-code-low-code",{"_115":453,"_59":454},"Software Development Techniques","/software-development/software-development-techniques",[456,469],{"_157":457,"_163":460,"_165":460,"_166":461,"_168":462,"_170":171,"_172":173,"_174":171,"_175":345,"_177":346,"_179":180,"_181":463,"_189":468,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":458,"_161":459},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt25dc4607e8e0a8e6/678422ee859ae640eabb98dc/open-source-1716x965_-_2025-01-12.jpg","developer writing open source code","Open Source Trends and Predictions 2025 From Industry Insiders","IT leaders and industry insiders share their open source trends and predictions for 2025.","/software-development/open-source-trends-and-predictions-2025-from-industry-insiders",[464],{"_57":465,"_185":466,"_187":467},"Rick Dagley","/author/rick-dagley","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt44a01ae1189f7b96/664761b5e9a7acba2790d52c/Rdagley.jpg",12,{"_157":470,"_163":300,"_165":300,"_166":301,"_168":302,"_170":171,"_172":251,"_174":171,"_175":280,"_177":281,"_179":180,"_181":471,"_189":206,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":298,"_161":299},[472],{"_57":305,"_185":306,"_187":307},{"_115":474,"_59":475,"_137":476,"_139":475,"_140":26,"_112":477,"_154":487},"DX","/digital-transformation","See All Digital Transformation",[478,481,484],{"_115":479,"_59":480},"AI & Machine Learning","/digital-transformation/ai-machine-learning",{"_115":482,"_59":483},"Edge Computing","/digital-transformation/edge-computing",{"_115":485,"_59":486},"IoT","/digital-transformation/iot",[488,492],{"_157":489,"_163":374,"_165":374,"_166":375,"_168":376,"_170":171,"_172":173,"_174":171,"_175":377,"_177":354,"_179":180,"_181":490,"_189":336,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":372,"_161":373},[491],{"_57":333,"_185":334,"_187":335},{"_157":493,"_163":164,"_165":164,"_166":167,"_168":169,"_170":171,"_172":173,"_174":171,"_175":176,"_177":178,"_179":180,"_181":494,"_189":190,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":160,"_161":162},[495],{"_57":184,"_185":186,"_187":188},{"_115":497,"_59":498,"_137":499,"_139":498,"_140":26,"_112":500,"_154":510},"Infrastructure","/it-infrastructure","See All Infrastructure",[501,504,507],{"_115":502,"_59":503},"High Performance Computing","/it-infrastructure/high-performance-computing",{"_115":505,"_59":506},"Containerization","/it-infrastructure/containerization",{"_115":508,"_59":509},"Server Virtualization","/it-infrastructure/server-virtualization",[511,521],{"_157":512,"_163":515,"_165":515,"_166":516,"_168":517,"_170":171,"_172":518,"_174":171,"_175":277,"_177":278,"_179":180,"_181":519,"_189":271,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":513,"_161":514},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltd44d16a2490981c7/675afc4c83842927ca0b80c6/trends-1716x965_-_2024-12-12.jpg","Tech Trends written in metal","Gartner Unveils 6 Key Trends Impacting Infrastructure and Operations in 2025","At its 2024 IT Infrastructure, Operations & Cloud Strategies Conference, Gartner presents six trends that will affect I&O in 2025, with recommendations to help I&O leaders innovate.","/it-operations/gartner-unveils-6-key-trends-impacting-infrastructure-and-operations-in-2025","Dec 13, 2024",[520],{"_57":465,"_185":466,"_187":467},{"_157":522,"_163":525,"_165":525,"_166":526,"_168":527,"_170":171,"_172":528,"_174":171,"_175":203,"_177":136,"_179":180,"_181":529,"_189":206,"_191":192,"_193":194},{"_159":523,"_161":524},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt2796af00e20e5ece/675b3d9a8adfae6c775f0bea/Kubernetes-Penelope-1716x965_-_2024-12-12.jpg","Kubernetes 1.32 Penelope","Kubernetes 1.32 'Penelope' Introduces Key Innovations for Open Source Cloud Deployment","Kubernetes 1.32 boasts 44 enhancements, including new standardization to the platform and improved dynamic resource allocation.","/cloud-computing/kubernetes-1-32-penelope-introduces-key-innovations-for-open-source-cloud-deployment","Dec 12, 2024",[530],{"_57":305,"_185":306,"_187":307},{"_115":532,"_59":533,"_137":534,"_139":533,"_140":26,"_112":535,"_154":566},"More","/resources","Resource Library",[536,539,542,544,546,549,552,555,557,560,563],{"_115":537,"_59":538},"Newsletters","https://itp-resources.itprotoday.com/c/pubRD.mpl?secure=1&sr=pp&_t=pp:&qf=w_itpb86&ch=itpnav",{"_115":540,"_59":541},"How To…?","/latest-how-to",{"_115":333,"_59":543},"/program/industry-perspectives",{"_115":545,"_59":533},"Business Resources",{"_115":547,"_59":548},"Reports/Research","/resources?types=Survey+Report&page=1",{"_115":550,"_59":551},"Online Events","/resources?page=1&types=Virtual+Event&types=Webinar",{"_115":553,"_59":554},"Live Events","/events",{"_115":556,"_59":250},"Videos",{"_115":558,"_59":559},"White Papers","/resources?page=1&types=White+Paper",{"_115":561,"_59":562},"Advertise With Us","/advertise",{"_115":564,"_59":565},"About Us","/about-us",[],"secondaryMenu",[569,572,573,575],{"_115":570,"_59":571},"Documents","/documents",{"_115":550,"_59":551},{"_115":574,"_59":562},"Advertise",{"_115":576,"_59":565},"About","megaMenu",{"_579":580,"_655":656,"_688":689},"largeMenu",[581,587,599,606,611,617,626,632,637,642],{"_115":135,"_59":136,"_112":582,"_137":138,"_139":136},[583,584,585,586],{"_115":143,"_59":144},{"_115":146,"_59":147},{"_115":149,"_59":150},{"_115":152,"_59":153},{"_115":208,"_59":209,"_112":588,"_137":210,"_139":209},[589,590,591,592,593,594,595,596,597,598],{"_115":213,"_59":214},{"_115":216,"_59":217},{"_115":219,"_59":220},{"_115":222,"_59":223},{"_115":225,"_59":226},{"_115":228,"_59":229},{"_115":231,"_59":232},{"_115":234,"_59":235},{"_115":237,"_59":238},{"_115":240,"_59":241},{"_115":273,"_59":178,"_112":600,"_137":274,"_139":178},[601,602,603,604,605],{"_115":277,"_59":278},{"_115":280,"_59":281},{"_115":283,"_59":284},{"_115":286,"_59":287},{"_115":289,"_59":290},{"_115":309,"_59":310,"_112":607,"_137":311,"_139":310},[608,609,610],{"_115":314,"_59":315},{"_115":317,"_59":318},{"_115":320,"_59":321},{"_115":353,"_59":354,"_112":612,"_137":355,"_139":354},[613,614,615,616],{"_115":358,"_59":359},{"_115":361,"_59":362},{"_115":364,"_59":365},{"_115":367,"_59":368},{"_115":392,"_59":393,"_112":618,"_137":394,"_139":393},[619,620,621,622,623,624,625],{"_115":397,"_59":398},{"_115":400,"_59":401},{"_115":403,"_59":404},{"_115":406,"_59":407},{"_115":409,"_59":410},{"_115":412,"_59":413},{"_115":415,"_59":416},{"_115":440,"_59":346,"_112":627,"_137":441,"_139":346},[628,629,630,631],{"_115":444,"_59":445},{"_115":447,"_59":448},{"_115":450,"_59":451},{"_115":453,"_59":454},{"_115":474,"_59":475,"_112":633,"_137":476,"_139":475},[634,635,636],{"_115":479,"_59":480},{"_115":482,"_59":483},{"_115":485,"_59":486},{"_115":497,"_59":498,"_112":638,"_137":499,"_139":498},[639,640,641],{"_115":502,"_59":503},{"_115":505,"_59":506},{"_115":508,"_59":509},{"_115":532,"_59":533,"_112":643,"_137":534,"_139":533},[644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651,652,653,654],{"_115":537,"_59":538},{"_115":540,"_59":541},{"_115":333,"_59":543},{"_115":545,"_59":533},{"_115":547,"_59":548},{"_115":550,"_59":551},{"_115":553,"_59":554},{"_115":556,"_59":250},{"_115":558,"_59":559},{"_115":561,"_59":562},{"_115":564,"_59":565},"smallMenu",[657,666,670],{"_115":658,"_59":171,"_112":659},"Browse",[660,661,662,663,664,665],{"_115":570,"_59":571},{"_115":550,"_59":551},{"_115":553,"_59":554},{"_115":556,"_59":250},{"_115":333,"_59":543},{"_115":545,"_59":533},{"_115":574,"_59":171,"_112":667},[668],{"_115":669,"_59":562},"Explore Marketing Solutions",{"_115":671,"_59":171,"_112":672},"Discover More",[673,676,679,682,685],{"_115":674,"_59":675},"Data Center Knowledge","https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/",{"_115":677,"_59":678},"InformationWeek","https://www.informationweek.com/",{"_115":680,"_59":681},"Network Computing","https://www.networkcomputing.com/",{"_115":683,"_59":684},"No Jitter","https://www.nojitter.com/",{"_115":686,"_59":687},"AFCOM","https://afcom.com/","sideNavSections",[690],{"_115":691,"_59":171,"_112":692,"_137":171,"_139":171},"Communicate",[693,694],{"_115":564,"_59":565},{"_115":695,"_59":696},"Contact Us","/contact-us","navBase",{"_699":700},"logo",{"_59":701,"_702":703},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt6a28f214e959257b/65dc5966d7e7df040ab9cb3f/Logo_-_IT_Pro_Today.svg","altText","ITPro Today Logo","footer",{"_699":706,"_708":709,"_739":740,"_741":742},{"_59":707,"_702":703},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt6988047454ea0f07/65def58180429104075f67f7/Logo_-_IT_Pro_Today@2x.png","linkSections",[710,726],{"_711":712,"_115":671,"_88":725},"links",[713,717,719,721,723],{"_714":715,"_716":26,"_115":674,"_59":675},"image",{"_702":171,"_59":707},"openInNewTab",{"_714":718,"_716":26,"_115":677,"_59":678},{"_702":171,"_59":707},{"_714":720,"_716":26,"_115":680,"_59":681},{"_702":171,"_59":707},{"_714":722,"_716":26,"_115":683,"_59":684},{"_702":171,"_59":707},{"_714":724,"_716":26,"_115":686,"_59":687},{"_702":171,"_59":707},"1",{"_711":727,"_115":738,"_88":725},[728,730,734,736],{"_714":729,"_716":26,"_115":564,"_59":565},{"_702":171,"_59":707},{"_714":731,"_716":26,"_115":732,"_59":733},{"_702":171,"_59":707},"Reprints","https://info.wrightsmedia.com/informa-licensing-reprints-request",{"_714":735,"_716":26,"_115":574,"_59":562},{"_702":171,"_59":707},{"_714":737,"_716":26,"_115":695,"_59":696},{"_702":171,"_59":707},"Working With Us","brandLinks",[],"copyright",{"_743":744,"_711":749,"_115":770},"businessUnit",{"_59":745,"_57":746,"_747":748},"https://www.informa.com/","Informa","logoUrl","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt3cbaa492998ab75f/674ef556a2308a7b8e6c5d5f/Informa_Logo_OneLine_Graduated_White_RGB.png",[750,754,758,762,766],{"_714":751,"_716":24,"_115":752,"_59":753},{"_702":752,"_59":753},"Home","https://www.techtarget.com/",{"_714":755,"_716":26,"_115":756,"_59":757},{"_702":756,"_59":757},"CCPA: Do not sell my personal info","https://privacyportal-eu-cdn.onetrust.com/dsarwebform/c1f53e84-9f05-4169-a854-85052b63c50b/5f26b553-52cc-4973-a761-295d5634a6b6.html",{"_714":759,"_716":26,"_115":760,"_59":761},{"_702":760,"_59":761},"Cookies","/cookie-policy",{"_714":763,"_716":26,"_115":764,"_59":765},{"_702":764,"_59":765},"Privacy","https://www.techtarget.com/privacy-policy/",{"_714":767,"_716":26,"_115":768,"_59":769},{"_702":768,"_59":769},"Terms","https://tech.informa.com/terms-and-conditions",". This website is owned and operated by Informa TechTarget, part of a global network that informs, influences and connects the world’s technology buyers and sellers. All copyright resides with them. Informa PLC’s registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales. TechTarget, Inc.’s registered office is 275 Grove St. Newton, MA 02466.","isSponsorBarEnabled","isPaidContent","newRelicJs","window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {\"agent\":\"\",\"beacon\":\"bam.eu01.nr-data.net\",\"errorBeacon\":\"bam.eu01.nr-data.net\",\"licenseKey\":\"NRJS-26ae6a3b09493bbcc87\",\"applicationID\":\"514059305\",\"agentToken\":null,\"applicationTime\":6.034277,\"transactionName\":\"MhBSZQoZWEEDU0ZaXgtac0QLDFlfTR9dQ1QXFERYFh8bQRtDRlZcFlpdWBsKWUENVkYeRgwbVF4PCw==\",\"queueTime\":0,\"ttGuid\":\"4e2b100fbe57ff51\"}; (window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:[\"bam.eu01.nr-data.net\"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:\"538480682\",accountID:\"3936348\",trustKey:\"3288925\",xpid:\"Vw8EV1VXABAFVVVSAggEVlE=\",licenseKey:\"NRJS-26ae6a3b09493bbcc87\",applicationID:\"514059305\"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.278.2.min.js.LICENSE.txt */\n(()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||\"object\"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||\"object\"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):\"object\"==typeof e[a]&&\"object\"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error(\"All info objects require an agent identifier!\");if(!a[e])throw new Error(\"Info for \".concat(e,\" was never set\"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(\"All info objects require an agent identifier!\");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{D0:()=>p,gD:()=>m,xN:()=>g});var n=r(3333),i=r(993);const o=e=>{if(!e||\"string\"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var a=r(2614),s=r(944),c=r(384),u=r(8122);const d=\"[data-nr-mask]\",l=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:\"*\",block_selector:\"[data-nr-block]\",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,\"datetime-local\":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0,level:i.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:a.wk,inactiveMs:a.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){o(t)?e.mask_selector=\"\".concat(t,\",\").concat(d):\"\"===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,s.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return\"nr-block\"},get ignore_class(){return\"nr-ignore\"},get mask_text_class(){return\"nr-mask\"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){o(t)?e.block_selector+=\",\".concat(t):\"\"!==t&&(0,s.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&\"object\"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,s.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},f={},h=\"All configuration objects require an agent identifier!\";function p(e){if(!e)throw new Error(h);if(!f[e])throw new Error(\"Configuration for \".concat(e,\" was never set\"));return f[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);f[e]=(0,u.a)(t,l());const r=(0,c.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=f[e])}function m(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(h);var r=p(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split(\".\"),i=0;i{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error(\"All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!\");if(!a[e])throw new Error(\"LoaderConfig for \".concat(e,\" was never set\"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(\"All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!\");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error(\"All runtime objects require an agent identifier!\");if(!d[e])throw new Error(\"Runtime for \".concat(e,\" was never set\"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(\"All runtime objects require an agent identifier!\");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],\"harvestCount\")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],\"harvestCount\",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n=\"1.278.2\",i=\"PROD\",o=\"CDN\",a=\"^2.0.0-alpha.17\"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i=\"undefined\"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o=\"undefined\"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&(\"undefined\"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||\"undefined\"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:\"undefined\"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&(\"undefined\"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||\"undefined\"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=\"complete\"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean(\"hidden\"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=\"\"+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&\"undefined\"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\\s](\\d+\\.\\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a=\"\");let[s]=o.split(\":\");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf(\"/\")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf(\"/\")&&(t=t.substring(1)),\"\"===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error(\"agentIdentifier required\");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e=\"\",t=\"feature\",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit(\"drain-\"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c=\"nr@context:\".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&\"object\"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,\"aborted\",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,\"globalEE\"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get(\"handle\");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o=\"feature\"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i=\"xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx\";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split(\"\").map((e=>\"x\"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):\"y\"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join(\"\")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n=\"NRBA\",i=\"SESSION\",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:\"session-started\",PAUSE:\"session-pause\",RESET:\"session-reset\",RESUME:\"session-resume\",UPDATE:\"session-update\"},c={SAME_TAB:\"same-tab\",CROSS_TAB:\"cross-tab\"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||\"\").indexOf(\"data:\"))return{protocol:\"data\"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(\":\")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&\"\"!==r.port||(\"http:\"===t.protocol&&(r.port=\"80\"),\"https:\"===t.protocol&&(r.port=\"443\")),r.pathname&&\"\"!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith(\"/\")||(r.pathname=\"/\".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname=\"/\",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";function n(e,t){\"function\"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug(\"New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#\".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o=\"newrelic\";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&\"object\"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit(\"rumresp\",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if(\"object\"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??\"\"}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit(\"internal-error\",[e])}catch(e){}return\"\"}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return\"undefined\"==typeof document||\"complete\"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)(\"load\",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)(\"DOMContentLoaded\",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:\"bam.nr-data.net\",errorBeacon:\"bam.nr-data.net\"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)(\"visibilitychange\",(function(){if(t)return void(\"hidden\"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u=\"addEventListener\",d=\"removeEventListener\",l=\"nr@wrapped:\".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get(\"events\")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],\"-\",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return\"getPrototypeOf\"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+\"-start\",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&(\"function\"==typeof n||\"object\"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if(\"function\"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,\"fn-\",null,e.name||\"anonymous\"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+\"-start\",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;\"object\"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o=\"nr@original:\".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n=\"\");const a=\"-\"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=[\"auxclick\",\"click\",\"copy\",\"keydown\",\"paste\",\"scrollend\"],o=[\"focus\",\"blur\"],a=4,s=1e3,c=[\"PageAction\",\"UserAction\",\"BrowserPerformance\"],u={MARKS:\"experimental.marks\",MEASURES:\"experimental.measures\",RESOURCES:\"experimental.resources\"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:\"ERROR\",WARN:\"WARN\",INFO:\"INFO\",DEBUG:\"DEBUG\",TRACE:\"TRACE\"},o=\"log\",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,[\"API/logging/\".concat(c.toLowerCase(),\"/called\")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return\"string\"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i=\"sm\",o=\"cm\",a=\"storeSupportabilityMetrics\",s=\"storeEventMetrics\"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:\"recordReplay\",PAUSE:\"pauseReplay\",REPLAY_RUNNING:\"replayRunning\",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:\"errorDuringReplay\"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:\"Session was reset\",sm:\"Reset\"},IMPORT:{message:\"Recorder failed to import\",sm:\"Import\"},TOO_MANY:{message:\"429: Too Many Requests\",sm:\"Too-Many\"},TOO_BIG:{message:\"Payload was too large\",sm:\"Too-Big\"},CROSS_TAB:{message:\"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab\",sm:\"Cross-Tab\"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:\"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started\",sm:\"Entitlement\"}},d=5e3,l={API:\"api\"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,\"session_trace.enabled\")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,\"session_replay.preload\")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i=\"bstResource\",o=\"resource\",a=\"-start\",s=\"-end\",c=\"fn\"+a,u=\"fn\"+s,d=\"pushState\",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>c,Qu:()=>u,TZ:()=>s,ih:()=>d,pP:()=>a,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=[\"click\",\"keydown\",\"submit\",\"popstate\"],o=\"api\",a=\"initialPageLoad\",s=n.K7.softNav,c={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:\"\",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},u={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},d={IP:\"in progress\",FIN:\"finished\",CAN:\"cancelled\"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>T,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>A,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>E,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=[\"click\",\"submit\",\"keypress\",\"keydown\",\"keyup\",\"change\"],a=999,s=\"fn-start\",c=\"fn-end\",u=\"cb-start\",d=\"api-ixn-\",l=\"remaining\",f=\"interaction\",h=\"spaNode\",p=\"jsonpNode\",g=\"fetch-start\",m=\"fetch-done\",v=\"fetch-body-\",b=\"jsonp-end\",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w=\"-start\",R=\"-end\",x=\"-body\",E=\"cb\"+R,T=\"jsTime\",A=\"fetch\"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,\"privacy.cookies_enabled\")},425:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=[\"setErrorHandler\",\"finished\",\"addToTrace\",\"addRelease\",\"recordCustomEvent\",\"addPageAction\",\"setCurrentRouteName\",\"setPageViewName\",\"setCustomAttribute\",\"interaction\",\"noticeError\",\"setUserId\",\"setApplicationVersion\",\"start\",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,\"log\",\"wrapLogger\"],m=[\"setErrorHandler\",\"finished\",\"addToTrace\",\"addRelease\"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);const E=new Map;function T(e,t,r,n){if(\"object\"!=typeof t||!t||\"string\"!=typeof r||!r||\"function\"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get(\"logger\")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[x.Jt]||t[r];return E.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],\"wrap-logger-\",(()=>E.get(c))),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const S={};var N=r(9417),_=r(5603),O=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith(\"http\");e+=\"/\",r.p=t?e:\"https://\"+e};let P=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:E,loader_config:j,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();E||(x=L.init,E=L.info,j=L.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,j||{}),E.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(E.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,E);const H=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[E.beacon,E.errorBeacon];P||(H.proxy.assets&&(I(H.proxy.assets),M.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&M.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)(\"activatedFeatures\",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes(\"soft_nav\")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,\"api\");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get(\"tracer\");S[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{S[e]=t}));var E=\"api-\",A=E+\"ixn-\";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(E,n,!0,o||null===r?\"session\":void 0)(t,r)}function _(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/log/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/wrapLogger/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(E,e,!0,\"api\")})),g.addPageAction=I(E,\"addPageAction\",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.recordCustomEvent=I(E,\"recordCustomEvent\",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if(\"string\"==typeof t)return\"/\"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t=\"/\"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||\"http://custom.transaction\")+t,I(E,\"setPageViewName\",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if(\"string\"==typeof e){if([\"string\",\"number\",\"boolean\"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,\"setCustomAttribute\",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if(\"string\"==typeof e||null===e)return N(\"enduser.id\",e,\"setUserId\",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if(\"string\"==typeof e||null===e)return N(\"application.version\",e,\"setApplicationVersion\",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/start/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit(\"manual-start-all\")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/recordReplay/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/pauseReplay/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new _).get(\"object\"==typeof e?e:{})};const O=_.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o=\"function\"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/createTracer/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(A+\"tracer\",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?\"\":\"no-\")+\"fn-start\",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t=\"string\"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit(\"fn-err\",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit(\"fn-end\",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/\"+t+\"/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function P(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,\"api\")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return[\"actionText\",\"setName\",\"setAttribute\",\"save\",\"ignore\",\"onEnd\",\"getContext\",\"end\",\"get\"].forEach((e=>{O[e]=I(A,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(A,\"routeName\",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(E,\"routeName\",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){\"string\"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,[\"API/noticeError/called\"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(\"err\",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!S[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>P()),!0):P(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),P=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return\"\"})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{\"use strict\";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n=\"events\",i=\"jserrors\",o=\"browser/blobs\",a=\"rum\",s={ajax:\"ajax\",genericEvents:\"generic_events\",jserrors:i,logging:\"logging\",metrics:\"metrics\",pageAction:\"page_action\",pageViewEvent:\"page_view_event\",pageViewTiming:\"page_view_timing\",sessionReplay:\"session_replay\",sessionTrace:\"session_trace\",softNav:\"soft_navigations\",spa:\"spa\"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:\"browser/logs\",[s.genericEvents]:\"ins\"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:\"nr-spa-compressor\",249:\"nr-spa-recorder\",478:\"nr-spa\"}[e]+\"-1.278.2.min.js\"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t=\"NRBA-1.278.2.PROD:\",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName(\"script\"),d=0;d{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:\"timeout\",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{\"undefined\"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:\"Module\"}),Object.defineProperty(e,\"__esModule\",{value:!0})},i.p=\"https://js-agent.newrelic.com/\",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&(\"load\"===r.type?\"missing\":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message=\"Loading chunk \"+t+\" failed.\\n(\"+o+\": \"+a+\")\",s.name=\"ChunkLoadError\",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),\"chunk-\"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u{\"use strict\";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if(\"function\"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e(\"addPageAction\",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e(\"recordCustomEvent\",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e(\"setPageViewName\",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e(\"setCustomAttribute\",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e(\"noticeError\",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e(\"setUserId\",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e(\"setApplicationVersion\",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e(\"setErrorHandler\",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e(\"addRelease\",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e(\"log\",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if(\"function\"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e(\"start\")}finished(e){return this.#e(\"finished\",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e(\"addToTrace\",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e(\"setCurrentRouteName\",e)}interaction(){return this.#e(\"interaction\")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e(\"wrapLogger\",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,\"\".concat(e,\".enabled\"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on(\"manual-start-all\",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit(\"internal-error\",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,\"aggregate\");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),E=i(2843),T=i(3878),A=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=A.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,A.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,x.p)(\"docHidden\",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,T.sp)(\"pagehide\",(()=>(0,x.p)(\"winPagehide\",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,A.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var _=i(3969);class O extends b{static featureName=_.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name=\"UncaughtError\",this.message=\"string\"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t=\"Unhandled Promise Rejection\";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+\": \"+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+\": \"+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class M extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on(\"internal-error\",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)(\"ierr\",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener(\"unhandledrejection\",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)(\"err\",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener(\"error\",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)(\"err\",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,T.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var D=i(8990);let K=1;const U=\"nr@id\";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||\"object\"!==t&&\"function\"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,D.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if(\"string\"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if(\"object\"==typeof e){if(\"undefined\"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if(\"undefined\"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!(\"undefined\"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=[\"open\",\"send\"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\"xhr\")}(r);if(void 0===p.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u=\"readystatechange\",d=[\"onload\",\"onerror\",\"onabort\",\"onloadstart\",\"onloadend\",\"onprogress\",\"ontimeout\"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit(\"new-xhr\",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit(\"xhr-resolved\",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,\"fn-\",y)}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit(\"internal-error\",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,[\"onreadystatechange\"],\"fn-\",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,\"-xhr-\",y),n.on(\"send-xhr-start\",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on(\"open-xhr-start\",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on(\"fn-end\",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,\"fetch\",Y),t.on(Y+\"end\",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get(\"content-length\");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+\"done\",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+\"done\",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||\"\").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||\"\").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||\"\").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return\"00-\"+t+\"-\"+e+\"-01\"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+\"@nr=0-1-\"+r+\"-\"+n+\"-\"+e+\"----\"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!(\"function\"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:\"Browser\",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,\"distributed_tracing\")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:\"xhr\",fetch:\"fetch\",beacon:\"beacon\"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType(\"resource\").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler(\"xhr\",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener(\"load\",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,T.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener(\"progress\",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,T.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader(\"X-NewRelic-ID\",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader(\"newrelic\",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader(\"traceparent\",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader(\"tracestate\",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{\"abort\"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),(\"load\"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||\"function\"!=typeof r.onload)&&\"function\"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit(\"internal-error\",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set(\"newrelic\",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set(\"traceparent\",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set(\"tracestate\",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;\"string\"==typeof i?r=i:\"object\"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&\"object\"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(\"\"+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||\"GET\")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,\"string\"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r(\"xhr\",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,\"fetch\"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var _e=i(2614);class Oe extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(\"\".concat(_e.H3,\"_\").concat(_e.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on(\"err\",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===_e.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(_e.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=_e.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==_e.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=_e.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class Pe extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)(\"newURL\",[(0,S.t)(),\"\"+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on(\"pushState-end\",n),r.on(\"replaceState-end\",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,T.sp)(\"popstate\",(e=>(0,x.p)(\"newURL\",[e.timeStamp,\"\"+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)(\"newDom\",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)(\"newUIEvent\",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var je=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=[\"appendChild\",\"insertBefore\",\"replaceChild\"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\"jsonp\")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\\w+)(\\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,\"dom-\"),t.on(\"dom-start\",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||\"string\"!=typeof e.nodeName||\"script\"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if(\"function\"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if(\"function\"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit(\"jsonp-end\",[],d),e.removeEventListener(\"load\",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener(\"error\",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit(\"jsonp-error\",[],d),t.emit(\"jsonp-end\",[],d),e.removeEventListener(\"load\",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener(\"error\",f,(0,T.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],\"cb-\",d),e.addEventListener(\"load\",l,(0,T.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener(\"error\",f,(0,T.jT)(!1)),t.emit(\"new-jsonp\",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function Me(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\"promise\")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,\"executor-\",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,\"name\",{value:\"Promise\"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),[\"all\",\"race\"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a(\"all\"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit(\"propagate\",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),[\"resolve\",\"reject\"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit(\"propagate\",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],\"cb-\",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],\"cb-\",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit(\"propagate\",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on(\"executor-start\",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],\"resolve-\",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],\"resolve-\",this,null,!1)})),t.on(\"executor-err\",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on(\"cb-end\",(function(e,r,n){t.emit(\"propagate\",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on(\"propagate\",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const De={},Ke=\"setTimeout\",Ue=\"setInterval\",Ve=\"clearTimeout\",Ge=\"-start\",Fe=[Ke,\"setImmediate\",Ue,Ve,\"clearImmediate\"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\"timer\")}(e);if(De[t.debugId]++)return t;De[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+\"-\"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+\"-\"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+\"-\"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],\"fn-\",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],\"fn-\",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get(\"mutation\")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,\"fn-\")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:$e,e5:Je,tH:Qe,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=je;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get(\"tracer\"),o=Le(this.ee),a=Me(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get(\"events\"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit(\"newURL\",[\"\"+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Je]=~~this[Je]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on($e,m),o.on($e,m),this.ee.on(\"fn-err\",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)(\"function-err\",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,\"xhr-resolved\"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer([\"setTimeout\"+Ye,\"clearTimeout\"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,\"new-xhr\",\"send-xhr\"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([Qe+Ze,Qe+\"-done\",Qe+Xe+Ze,Qe+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer([\"newURL\"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer([\"propagate\",tt,$e,\"executor-err\",\"resolve\"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,\"no-\"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer([\"new-jsonp\",\"cb-start\",\"jsonp-error\",\"jsonp-end\"],this.featureName),v(d,Qe+Ze),v(d,Qe+\"-done\"),v(o,\"new-jsonp\"),v(o,\"jsonp-end\"),v(o,\"cb-start\"),l.on(\"pushState-end\",h),l.on(\"replaceState-end\",h),window.addEventListener(\"hashchange\",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener(\"load\",h,(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener(\"popstate\",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,T.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(p.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)(\"ua\",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,T.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)(\"ua\",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&p.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes(\"resource\"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,x.p)(\"browserPerformance.resource\",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:\"resource\",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on(\"wrap-logger-end\",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||\"agent\"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,Oe,O,M,ot,ct,Pe,nt],loaderType:\"spa\"})})()})();","google","testAutomationFlags",{"_778":24,"_779":24,"_780":24,"_781":24,"_782":24,"_783":24,"_784":24,"_785":24,"_786":24,"_32":24,"_787":24,"_788":171,"_789":171},"disableAds","disableIirisAuth","disableWelcomeAd","disableBigskyAd","disableIirisRecommend","disableDcts","disableWeatherWidget","disableCashGrainWidget","disableCommoditiesWidget","disableCookieBanner","overrideBrandStyling","overrideThemeStyling","configState",{"_54":55,"_52":53,"_792":8,"_793":-7,"_794":24,"_714":795,"_799":800,"_802":803,"_817":818},"uiBrand","colors","isMarketsDivision",{"_7":796,"_797":798},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt06f49c53183e1192/65def48d237abe040a0cdb1b/Placeholder_Image.svg","contributor","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltae99c6600909049d/6582ebe1e746c5040a189f2b/theme1_placeholder_avatar.png","media",{"_801":171},"brightcoveAccountId","newsletterSignupPromo",{"_804":805,"_806":807},"unbounceURL","https://itp-resources.itprotoday.com/c/pubRD.mpl?secure=1&sr=pp&_t=pp:&qf=w_itpb86&ch=itpsitebtn","elnConfig",{"_808":809},"newsletter",{"_810":811,"_815":816},"subscribeForm",{"_115":812,"_813":814},"Subscribe to Our Newsletters","subtitle","Subtitle","subscribeConfirm",{"_115":812,"_813":814},"proxyConfigs",{"_819":24,"_820":171},"proxyEnabled","proxyRootPath","brandConfig",{"_13":14,"_823":14,"_824":10,"_825":826,"_15":16,"_33":34,"_827":828,"_38":829,"_838":839,"_801":171,"_43":44,"_50":844,"_845":846,"_850":807,"_741":770,"_851":852,"_880":881},"siteFullName","siteUrl","siteDivision","Informa Tech","authentication",{},{"_830":831,"_833":834,"_835":836,"_63":837},"local",{"_40":832},"dfd08c13-c8cf-43d1-8ccc-a1ca99dc6d5e-test","preview",{"_40":832},"staging",{"_40":41},{"_40":41},"unbounce",{"_830":840,"_833":841,"_835":842,"_63":843},{},{},{},{},{"_7":8,"_52":53,"_54":55},"newsletterSignupPromoContent",{"_115":812,"_847":171,"_848":849},"message","buttonText","Sign Me Up","eln","iirisRecommendation",{"_853":854,"_855":856,"_857":858,"_859":860,"_861":171,"_862":171,"_863":864,"_865":866,"_867":868,"_869":194,"_870":871,"_872":873,"_874":875,"_876":877,"_878":879,"_7":8},"id","widget-1717150909887","division","it","brandFamily","enterpriseit","entityTagBackground","#333333BF","showBy","showTime","borderRadius","4","imageWidth","324","imageHeight","182","imagePosition","dropShadow","#FFEB00","entityTagBorderColor","#333333","borderColor","#e6e6e6","redirectMode","same","recipe","related-items","articleSocialShareToggle",{"_882":26,"_883":26,"_884":26},"print","email","reddit","routes/$topic.$slug._index",{"_887":24,"_888":-7,"_889":852,"_890":891,"_1460":1461,"_1467":1468,"_1484":1485,"_1495":1496,"_1512":24},"isRequestedByGoogleBot","weatherWidgetConfig","iirisRecommendationConfig","template",{"_115":213,"_892":893,"_906":171,"_191":47,"_907":908,"_914":915,"_923":924,"_929":930,"_1256":1257,"_1459":-7},"categories",[894,897,900,903],{"_115":895,"_59":896},"Windows 11","/operating-systems/microsoft-windows/windows-11",{"_115":898,"_59":899},"Windows 10","/operating-systems/microsoft-windows/windows-10",{"_115":901,"_59":902},"Windows 8","/operating-systems/microsoft-windows/windows-8",{"_115":904,"_59":905},"Windows 7","/operating-systems/microsoft-windows/windows-7","categoryDesc","breadcrumbs",[909,911,913],{"_59":910,"_115":752},"/",{"_115":912,"_59":209},"Operating Systems",{"_115":213,"_59":214},"newsletterSignUpPromo",{"_115":916,"_847":917,"_918":919,"_848":920,"_191":194,"_921":922},"Sign up for the ITPro Today newsletter","Stay on top of the IT universe with commentary, news analysis, how-to's, and tips delivered to your inbox daily.","newsletterId","blt96562e27e259477c","Newsletter Sign-Up","mode","dark","pagination",{"_925":926,"_927":928},"totalCount",258,"currentPage",117,"contents",[931,950,958,969,979,988,996,1005,1016,1024,1033,1041,1049,1058,1066,1077,1085,1095,1103,1111,1120,1129,1138,1147,1155,1164,1172,1180,1188,1198,1207,1218,1227,1236,1245],{"_179":180,"_157":932,"_181":934,"_163":939,"_165":939,"_168":940,"_941":942,"_170":171,"_172":943,"_174":171,"_166":944,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":901,"_177":902,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},"ITPro Today logo",[935],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Paul Thurrott","/author/paul-thurrott","role","Pricing and Licensing for Windows Essential Server Solutions","/windows-8/pricing-and-licensing-for-windows-essential-server-solutions","linkAttrs",{},"May 12, 2008","Microsoft announces the release of Windows Essential Business Server 2008 release candidate 0 (RC0) and the pending release of Windows Small Business Server (SBS) 2008 RC0. It will also release pricing and licensing details for the products.","articleBodyJsonSummary","normal","paidGating","articleSize","big",{"_179":180,"_157":951,"_181":952,"_163":954,"_165":954,"_168":955,"_941":956,"_170":171,"_172":943,"_174":171,"_166":957,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[953],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Microsoft Opens Up the Heavens","/microsoft-windows/microsoft-opens-up-the-heavens",{},"Microsoft on Tuesday released an inspiring new tool for investigating space using imagery from the best ground- and space-based observatories around the world. Dubbed WorldWide Telescope, this new tool is free and combines Web services with a local",{"_179":180,"_157":959,"_181":960,"_163":964,"_165":964,"_168":965,"_941":966,"_170":171,"_172":967,"_174":171,"_166":968,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[961],{"_57":962,"_185":963,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Karen Forster","/author/karen-forster","Exclusive Video: Microsoft Execs Give Details of MMS 2008 System Center Announcements","/microsoft-windows/exclusive-video-microsoft-execs-give-details-of-mms-2008-system-center-announcements",{},"May 11, 2008","Karen Forster talks to Microsoft's Brad Anderson and Larry Orecklin on how Microsoft is opening System Center to mixed environments",{"_179":180,"_157":970,"_181":971,"_163":976,"_165":976,"_168":977,"_941":978,"_170":171,"_172":967,"_174":171,"_166":171,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[972],{"_57":973,"_185":974,"_187":975,"_938":171},"John Savill","/author/john-savill","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt7ef56baa97a69d9b/66e9d74d63426053def3e411/Green_(1).png","Q. Can I make a partition larger than 2TB?","/microsoft-windows/q-can-i-make-a-partition-larger-than-2tb-",{},{"_179":180,"_157":980,"_181":981,"_163":984,"_165":984,"_168":985,"_941":986,"_170":171,"_172":967,"_174":171,"_166":987,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":901,"_177":902,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[982],{"_57":14,"_185":983,"_187":351,"_938":171},"/author/it-pro-today","Vault-like Protection for Your Mobile Fleet","/windows-8/vault-like-protection-for-your-mobile-fleet",{},"If you’re concerned about the security of your employees’ mobile devices, this product news will interest you.",{"_179":180,"_157":989,"_181":990,"_163":992,"_165":992,"_168":993,"_941":994,"_170":171,"_172":967,"_174":171,"_166":995,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[991],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Windows Vista tip of the week: Make UAC less annoying","/microsoft-windows/windows-vista-tip-of-the-week-make-uac-less-annoying",{},"Readers of this site and listeners of the Windows Weekly podcast know that I advocate the use of User Account Control (UAC), Microsoft's unfairly maligned security technology. UAC does a lot more than just prompt you when you're about to make a potentially dangerous change to the system or run a program you downloaded from the Internet. It's also behind such related features as Internet Explorer 7's Protected Mode and Vista's virtualized file system and registry. So running UAC is, I think, a necessity for all Vista users. That said, I do understand that some people find UAC's regular prompts to be somewhat annoying. Fortunately, you can leave UAC enabled but turn off the prompts. The following tip refers to Windows Vista users utilizing an administrator-class account (which I assume is most people) and should be utilized by power users and others who really know what they're doing. Windows Vista Business, Enterprise, and Ultimate Open Local Group Policy Editor (Start Menu Search, gpedit.msc), and navigate to Computer Configuration, Windows Settings, Security Settings, Local Policies, Security Options. In the right pane, scroll down to User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for administrators in Admin Approval Mode. Double-click this entry and use the drop-down box in the Local Security Setting to change the value from Prompt for consent to Elevate without prompting. Then click OK and chose the Local Group Policy Editor. (Users looking for even more stringent security controls can go in the opposite direction and change the value to Prompt for credentials. This will cause every UAC dialog that appears to require you to enter your password.) Windows Vista Home Basic and Home Premium Open the Registry Editor (Start Menu Search, regedit.exe) and navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, SOFTWARE, Microsoft, Windows, CurrentVersion, Policies, System. In the right pane, find the value named ConsentPromptBehaviorAdmin. Double-click it and change its valu",{"_179":180,"_157":997,"_181":998,"_163":1000,"_165":1000,"_168":1001,"_941":1002,"_170":171,"_172":1003,"_174":171,"_166":1004,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[999],{"_57":14,"_185":983,"_187":351,"_938":171},"McAfee Launches Web App Scanning Service","/microsoft-windows/mcafee-launches-web-app-scanning-service",{},"May 8, 2008","McAfee announced it's new Secure for Web Sites service, which helps site operators keep their sites secure, adhere to PCI standards, and stay abreast of the latest vulnerabilities.",{"_179":180,"_157":1006,"_181":1007,"_163":1011,"_165":1011,"_168":1012,"_941":1013,"_170":171,"_172":1014,"_174":171,"_166":1015,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1008],{"_57":1009,"_185":1010,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Caroline Marwitz","/author/caroline-marwitz","Imanami Prevents Group Glut","/microsoft-windows/imanami-prevents-group-glut",{},"May 6, 2008","Managing groups in Active Directory and Microsoft Exchange can be a mundane task, yet it's important to security and efficiency. What's an admin to do?",{"_179":180,"_157":1017,"_181":1018,"_163":1020,"_165":1020,"_168":1021,"_941":1022,"_170":171,"_172":1023,"_174":171,"_166":171,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1019],{"_57":973,"_185":974,"_187":975,"_938":171},"Q. How do I replace the master boot code on a computer with both Windows Vista and Windows XP?","/microsoft-windows/q-how-do-i-replace-the-master-boot-code-on-a-computer-with-both-windows-vista-and-windows-xp-",{},"May 1, 2008",{"_179":180,"_157":1025,"_181":1026,"_163":1028,"_165":1028,"_168":1029,"_941":1030,"_170":171,"_172":1031,"_174":171,"_166":1032,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1027],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"MMS 2008: Microsoft Revs Management Tools","/microsoft-windows/mms-2008-microsoft-revs-management-tools",{},"Apr 30, 2008","At its annual Microsoft Management Summit (MMS) show this week in Las Vegas, the software giant is talking up its many software management tools and has released new versions of some of its solutions. Key to this year's event is the emerging trend of",{"_179":180,"_157":1034,"_181":1035,"_163":1037,"_165":1037,"_168":1038,"_941":1039,"_170":171,"_172":1031,"_174":171,"_166":1040,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1036],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Yahoo! Messenger for Windows Vista Beta","/microsoft-windows/yahoo-messenger-for-windows-vista-beta",{},"Yahoo! just sent me the following heads-up: The beta version of Yahoo! Messenger for Vista is now available at the newly re-designed Yahoo! Messenger Web site. As the #1 IM application in the US and with more than 97 million users worldwide, the Yahoo! Messenger team has taken into account the valuable feedback provided by users on the preview release of Yahoo! Messenger for Vista. With this beta release, Vista OS users will now be able to make voice calls via Yahoo! Messenger and send text or SMS messages to mobile phone users. Key features in this beta version of Yahoo! Messenger for Vista include: Voice - Voice (PC2PC & Phone In/ Phone Out) - Voice Visualizations (including WPF 3D integration) - SMS - Integrated text/voice window for easier navigation - Keypad-only mode for quick, simple phone calls Matrix Mode Conversation Window Mail Alerts Additional features and enhancements: - New and Optimized for Vista - WPF Interface - Skin Chooser - Customizable Contact List - Vector-based - Tabbed Conversations - Windows Sidebar Gadget Full details on the beta release, including a screencast of the service can be found at the Yahoo! Messenger blog and newly re-designed Web site. Nicely done. It's still somewhat astonishing to me that Yahoo! is doing a better job of taking advantage of Vista-specific features in its IM client than is Microsoft. Download Yahoo! Messenger for Windows Vista Beta",{"_179":180,"_157":1042,"_181":1043,"_163":1045,"_165":1045,"_168":1046,"_941":1047,"_170":171,"_172":1031,"_174":171,"_166":1048,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1044],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Sorry, conspiracy buffs, there’s no Windows 'back door'","/microsoft-windows/sorry-conspiracy-buffs-there-s-no-windows-back-door-",{},"Before anyone emails me about today's tech reporter-induced stupidity, I'll let Ed Bott clear the air: Techdirt’s Mike Masnick is usually pretty reliable, but he completely blew it today, hitting the publish button on one of the sloppiest, most inflammatory stories I’ve seen in a long time: Microsoft Gives Vista Backdoor Keys To The Police It's long been assumed that Microsoft has built in various \"backdoors\" for law enforcement to get around its own security, but now reader Kevin Stapp writes in to let us know that the company has also been literally handing out the keys to law enforcement. Apparently, they’re giving out special USB keys that simply get around Microsoft’s security, allowing the holder of the key to very quickly get forensic information (including internet surfing history), passwords and supposedly encrypted data off of a laptop. While you can understand why police like this, the very fact that the backdoor is there and that a bunch of these USB keys are out there pretty much guarantees that those with nefarious intent also have such keys. OK, now go read the linked story from the Seattle Times. There's not a word - not one word - about back doors or encryption. Sadly, the usual suspects in the Techmeme echo chamber are whipping the inaccuracy around the infield at major league speeds. CrunchGear says Microsoft has \"developed a thumb drive that helps Johnny Law quickly extract information, encrypted or otherwise, from computers.\" And Valleywag talks about \"a USB dongle that plugs into a computer, bypasses any Windows passwords or encryption, and quickly downloads sensitive data such as your Web browsing history.\" I've heard of jumping to conclusions, but these are some truly giant leaps. All three stories reference the same Seattle Times story, which never says or even implies that the tools on this USB drive could break any sort of encryption, including Microsoft's BitLocker Drive Encryption. Update: Ben Romano of",{"_179":180,"_157":1050,"_181":1051,"_163":1053,"_165":1053,"_168":1054,"_941":1055,"_170":171,"_172":1056,"_174":171,"_166":1057,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1052],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Microsoft Releases Windows XP Service Pack 3 to the Public","/microsoft-windows/microsoft-releases-windows-xp-service-pack-3-to-the-public",{},"Apr 28, 2008","This morning, Microsoft made the final release of the long-awaited Service Pack 3 (SP3) update to Windows XP available for direct download from the Web. XP SP3 will be the last XP service pack, Microsoft says, and it aggregates all previously released",{"_179":180,"_157":1059,"_181":1060,"_163":1062,"_165":1062,"_168":1063,"_941":1064,"_170":171,"_172":1056,"_174":171,"_166":1065,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":904,"_177":905,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1061],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Microsoft internal memo details Windows 7-Windows Live ties","/windows-7/microsoft-internal-memo-details-windows-7-windows-live-ties",{},"Mary Jo Foley offers up part one of the complete text of an internal Microsoft memo about Windows Live/Windows 7 integration. Unfortunately, it's horribly old--from August of last year--and may thus be completely dated from a relevance standpoint. Still, internal memos are always interesting. Here are some pertinent bits regarding Windows 7 specifically: TO: Windows Live Experience Team; Live Platform Services Team FROM: Chris Jones, David Treadwell, Brian Arbogast RE: Planning Windows Live Wave 3 BIG BETS While we will target a seamless experience on Windows Vista, we will make a bet on the Windows 7 platform and experience, and create the best experience when connected with Windows 7. We will work with the Windows 7 team and be a first and best developer of solutions on the Windows 7 platform. Our experiences will be designed so when they are connected to Windows 7 they seamlessly extend the Windows experience, and we will work to follow the Windows 7 style guidelines for applications. We will work with the Internet Explorer 8 team to make sure we deliver an experience that seamlessly extends the browser with our toolbar and other offerings. Seamless Windows Experience For customers who are upgrading from Windows Vista to Windows 7, we will explore ways to make it easy for them to get Windows Live – particularly for photos, calendar, and movies where our applications complete the experience. The Windows 7 platform provides new enhancements that allow us to deliver even richer experiences for customers. We will invest in differentiated features that “light up” on Windows 7, and in this theme we will identify these “signature elements” – gestures, ribbon, or other – that make our suite best on Windows 7. We will explore innovations in graphics and presentation, including window management and high-DPI support, that make our applications feel distinct and “pop” on the new platform. What experience will we provide when we “light",{"_179":180,"_157":1067,"_181":1068,"_163":1072,"_165":1072,"_168":1073,"_941":1074,"_170":171,"_172":1075,"_174":171,"_166":1076,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1069],{"_57":1070,"_185":1071,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Darren Mar-elia","/author/darren-mar-elia","Mastering RSoP","/microsoft-windows/mastering-rsop",{},"Apr 27, 2008","Your first step to Group Policy health",{"_179":180,"_157":1078,"_181":1079,"_163":1081,"_165":1081,"_168":1082,"_941":1083,"_170":171,"_172":1075,"_174":171,"_166":1084,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1080],{"_57":973,"_185":974,"_187":975,"_938":171},"Configuring a DC to Register Site-Specific Records for an Additional Domain","/microsoft-windows/configuring-a-dc-to-register-site-specific-records-for-an-additional-domain",{},"By default, a DC registers records for its own site. Learn how to configure a DC to also register records for an additional location.",{"_179":180,"_157":1086,"_181":1087,"_163":1091,"_165":1091,"_168":1092,"_941":1093,"_170":171,"_172":1075,"_174":171,"_166":1094,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1088],{"_57":1089,"_185":1090,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Readers","/author/readers","Find Out Who Is Leaving Files Open at Night","/microsoft-windows/find-out-who-is-leaving-files-open-at-night",{},"When Daniel discovered that some files weren't being backed up because they were open, he discovered a little-known tool named Openfiles. By running this tool through a batch file, he was able to find out which users were leaving files open at night.",{"_179":180,"_157":1096,"_181":1097,"_163":1099,"_165":1099,"_168":1100,"_941":1101,"_170":171,"_172":1075,"_174":171,"_166":1102,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1098],{"_57":14,"_185":983,"_187":351,"_938":171},"New and Improved","/microsoft-windows/new-and-improved",{},"Check out the latest products to hit the marketplace.",{"_179":180,"_157":1104,"_181":1105,"_163":1107,"_165":1107,"_168":1108,"_941":1109,"_170":171,"_172":1110,"_174":171,"_166":171,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1106],{"_57":973,"_185":974,"_187":975,"_938":171},"Q. What is Windows Vista Enterprise Centralized Desktop (VECD)?","/microsoft-windows/q-what-is-windows-vista-enterprise-centralized-desktop-vecd-",{},"Apr 24, 2008",{"_179":180,"_157":1112,"_181":1113,"_163":1115,"_165":1115,"_168":1116,"_941":1117,"_170":171,"_172":1118,"_174":171,"_166":1119,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1114],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Ballmer Talks XP Extension, Walking Away from Yahoo!","/microsoft-windows/ballmer-talks-xp-extension-walking-away-from-yahoo-",{},"Apr 23, 2008","While in Europe this week, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer offered up two tantalizing tidbits about some of the more controversial issues surrounding the company. He said that Microsoft could \"wake up\" if enough people complain about the June 2008",{"_179":180,"_157":1121,"_181":1122,"_163":1124,"_165":1124,"_168":1125,"_941":1126,"_170":171,"_172":1127,"_174":171,"_166":1128,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1123],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Microsoft Finalizes Windows XP Service Pack 3","/microsoft-windows/microsoft-finalizes-windows-xp-service-pack-3",{},"Apr 21, 2008","Microsoft on Monday announced the completion of Windows XP Service Pack 3 (SP3), the final service for the aging and soon-to-be-discontinued desktop operating system. Windows XP SP3 will make its way to PC makers and Microsoft's enterprise customers in",{"_179":180,"_157":1130,"_181":1131,"_163":1133,"_165":1133,"_168":1134,"_941":1135,"_170":171,"_172":1136,"_174":171,"_166":1137,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1132],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Windows Vista Feature Pack for Wireless","/microsoft-windows/windows-vista-feature-pack-for-wireless",{},"Apr 18, 2008","Microsoft (sort of) ships its first Windows Vista Feature Pack : The Windows Vista Feature Pack for Wireless [is a] software update [that] includes the following components or features that improve wireless support in Windows Vista: Bluetooth version 2.1 support Unified Pairing user interface Windows Connect Now updates Some of these features may work with existing hardware. However, you must have new hardware to take advantage of the new functionality. This update is compatible with all versions of Windows Vista. It can be installed only on a computer that is running Windows Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1). Feature packs have been common in the Windows Server world since at least the mid-1990's, when Microsoft shipped the first versions of IIS and ASP in an NT 4.0 Feature Pack. This is, however, the first time Microsoft has shipped a Feature Pack for a desktop version of Windows, I believe. More important, perhaps, what the frack is this thing? And how do you actually get it? According to the KB article, you must \"contact the manufacturer of the computer.\" It then provides, get this, huge lists of PC makers with phone numbers and Web URLs. Geesh. Here's how I imagine this one going. \"Hi, HP, this is Paul... Yeah, I wanted to get the Windows Vista Feature Pack for Wireless .... No, I'd never heard of it either ... Right, I have no idea why I need it either ... OK, I'll call back in two months, thanks.\"",{"_179":180,"_157":1139,"_181":1140,"_163":1142,"_165":1142,"_168":1143,"_941":1144,"_170":171,"_172":1145,"_174":171,"_166":1146,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1141],{"_57":14,"_185":983,"_187":351,"_938":171},"Trading Passwords For Chocolate","/microsoft-windows/trading-passwords-for-chocolate",{},"Apr 16, 2008","A recent survey conducted in a UK showed that 21 percent of respondents were willing to trade their passwords for chocolate.",{"_179":180,"_157":1148,"_181":1149,"_163":1151,"_165":1151,"_168":1152,"_941":1153,"_170":171,"_172":1145,"_174":171,"_166":1154,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1150],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Zune VideoX: Microsoft’s iTunes killer?","/microsoft-windows/zune-videox-microsoft-s-itunes-killer-",{},"This comes at an interesting time for me, as I've been updating the Windows Vista Secrets book for Service Pack 1 and am adding a bunch of material on related technologies, including a chapter on Zune. Like many, I'd sort of written Zune off, mostly because they seem to go into deep hibernation mode every year after releasing a new product version and never seem to ship any decent updates. But the Zune is a solid product now and is certainly attractive, especially the PC software. And it occurred to me, again, in writing about the Zune, that what it really lacks is a video content solution (TV shows, movies). Anyway, today, Mary Jo Foley offers up some hopeful news about what might be happening there. For the record, Joe B. is a great guy and had a lot to do with the success of Media Center as a product. So I hope this is true. Zune Marketplace is no iTunes killer. But maybe Zune VideoX will (at least attempt to) be. I’m getting word of yet another Microsoft entertainment marketplace, known currently as “Zune Video X” (for Video Experience). One of the main movers and shakers behind the initiative is said to be Joe Belfiore. Corporate vice president of the Entertainment and Devices eHome Division. Belfiore was responsible for “development, business management and marketing of Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition and related devices, including Media Center Extender and the Media Center DVR,” last anyone heard of him. As Seattle Post-Intelligencer reporter Todd Bishop noted today, Belfiore is rumored to be working on something Zune-related now.) Zune VideoX is not Zune Marketplace revisited, sources say. Instead, it is Microsoft’s attempt to apply the lessons learned with the success of the Xbox Live Marketplace to the Zune market, said one source who asked not to be named. It would be a single hub where Zune users could buy and download music, videos, TV shows and more entertainment content. The only thing I can add to this is that I do know",{"_179":180,"_157":1156,"_181":1157,"_163":1159,"_165":1159,"_168":1160,"_941":1161,"_170":171,"_172":1162,"_174":171,"_166":1163,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1158],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Microsoft Increases Small Business Financing","/microsoft-windows/microsoft-increases-small-business-financing",{},"Apr 15, 2008","According to a story in \"The Wall Street Journal,\" Microsoft will increase the amount of money it lends to small businesses seeking to license its software in a bid to jumpstart sales during the current economic slowdown. The software giant will increase",{"_179":180,"_157":1165,"_181":1166,"_163":1168,"_165":1168,"_168":1169,"_941":1170,"_170":171,"_172":1162,"_174":171,"_166":1171,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1167],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Eee PC to adopt special low-end version of XP","/microsoft-windows/eee-pc-to-adopt-special-low-end-version-of-xp",{},"This one is interesting. In an otherwise unrevealing review of what it's like to run Windows XP on the low-end Asus Eee PC (verdict: Better than expected), APC offers up this interesting bit of info: Asus is prepping a special edition Eee PC that will be preloaded with a cut-down version of XP which is expected to be available within the next eight weeks. Emmanuele Silanesu, National Retail Manager for ASUSTeK Australia, told apcmag “we’ve been working with Microsoft on a special condensed version of XP which has just passed the R&D tests this week”. The pared-back image, which includes the Microsoft Works suite and will be based on Windows XP Home with SP3, “will be approximately 1.5-1.8GB in total depending on Windows updates” Silanesu says. And then there's this... The best Eee PC for XP will likely be the new 900 series. These will sport a larger (9 inch) screen running at 1024x600 resolution, with RAM and solid state drives both doubled (to 1GB and 8GB respectively, in the Windows XP edition). Parked under the hood will be the much more powerful Intel Atom processor. That will turn the Lilliputian laptop into a far superior notebook on its own terms as well as a more suitable platform for Windows. ASUSTeK Australia’s Emmanuele Silanesu says “the launch date (for the 900 series) is looking like Q3”with the price “around about $599” for the Linux version, which will have either a 12GB or 20GB solid state drive. “We’re not sure at this stage what the final config will be”, says Silanesu. This I'm not so excited about. We can already buy very capable laptops for $599 and they're not hamstrung like the Eee PC. (They are, however, bigger and heavier, but this is a classic tradeoff.)",{"_179":180,"_157":1173,"_181":1174,"_163":1176,"_165":1176,"_168":1177,"_941":1178,"_170":171,"_172":1179,"_174":171,"_166":171,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":901,"_177":902,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1175],{"_57":14,"_185":983,"_187":351,"_938":171},"What’s the State of Your Network?","/windows-8/what-s-the-state-of-your-network-",{},"Apr 13, 2008",{"_179":180,"_157":1181,"_181":1182,"_163":1184,"_165":1184,"_168":1185,"_941":1186,"_170":171,"_172":1187,"_174":171,"_166":171,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":901,"_177":902,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1183],{"_57":14,"_185":983,"_187":351,"_938":171},"WildPackets Gives a Wide View","/windows-8/wildpackets-gives-a-wide-view",{},"Apr 9, 2008",{"_179":180,"_157":1189,"_181":1190,"_163":1194,"_165":1194,"_168":1195,"_941":1196,"_170":171,"_172":1197,"_174":171,"_166":171,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1191],{"_57":1192,"_185":1193,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Lavon Peters","/author/lavon-peters","Wireless in the City","/microsoft-windows/wireless-in-the-city",{},"Apr 8, 2008",{"_179":180,"_157":1199,"_181":1200,"_163":1202,"_165":1202,"_168":1203,"_941":1204,"_170":171,"_172":1205,"_174":171,"_166":1206,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1201],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Microsoft Fixes Vista SP1 Prerequisite","/microsoft-windows/microsoft-fixes-vista-sp1-prerequisite",{},"Apr 7, 2008","Microsoft today resumed the automatic distribution of a Windows Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1) prerequisite, called the Servicing Stack Update (SSU), after releasing a fix for the problem. The resumption of this download means that millions of additional",{"_179":180,"_157":1208,"_181":1209,"_163":1214,"_165":1214,"_168":1215,"_941":1216,"_170":171,"_172":1205,"_174":171,"_166":1217,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1210],{"_57":1211,"_185":1212,"_187":1213,"_938":171},"William Lefkovics","/author/william-lefkovics","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltefffce3814bc81fb/67322a0f5cdef8820893ac5d/William-Lefkovics.jpg","How do I configure views in Microsoft Office Outlook 2007’s To-Do Bar using either menu commands or the registry?","/microsoft-windows/how-do-i-configure-views-in-microsoft-office-outlook-2007-s-to-do-bar-using-either-menu-commands-or-the-registry-",{},"The Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 To-Do Bar is easy to configure using keyboard shortcuts or menu items. To help users in their organizations, Exchange administrators can make a few registry edits that will configure settings in the To-Do Bar.",{"_179":180,"_157":1219,"_181":1220,"_163":1222,"_165":1222,"_168":1223,"_941":1224,"_170":171,"_172":1225,"_174":171,"_166":1226,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":904,"_177":905,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1221],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"The Five Pillars of Windows 7 (part 5 of 5)","/windows-7/the-five-pillars-of-windows-7-part-5-of-5-",{},"Apr 6, 2008","The circle is now complete: Bryant posts the final part in his series on the pillars of Windows 7 . Note that \"pillars\" is a common Microsoft term: They like to frame everything in terms of PowerPoint presentations, so normally the company will try to keep \"pillars\" to three or less, all the better to fit on a single screen. That there are five Windows 7 pillars is, I think, somewhat telling.: Windows remains a complex product. The final pillar focuses much more on the business-oriented aspects of Windows 7 rather than the consumer additions we saw in the previous four pillars. The scenarios covered by this particular pillar are designed to make deployment and maintenance of Windows 7 easier than any prior operating system. Most of the scenarios in this pillar seem to be nothing more than enhancements of features which made their debut in Windows Vista, which is good for companies looking to minimize costs while looking to deploy an improved OS since it would mean less training for both employees and IT professionals. Pillar Five: Engineered for Ease of Ownership Windows 7 will put a number of computer repair personnel out of a job (kidding) while making life much easier for the typical corporate network administrator by providing the tools necessary to keep Windows running as long and as healthy as possible. BTW: If you haven't seen it, I've posted three Windows 7 build 6519 screenshot galleries over the past few days, and should have a longer write-up about build 6519 sometime in the coming days. In contrast to the strategy stuff presented in these pillars conversations, I'm focusing on just the changes we can see in this first external build, compared to Windows Vista.",{"_179":180,"_157":1228,"_181":1229,"_163":1231,"_165":1231,"_168":1232,"_941":1233,"_170":171,"_172":1234,"_174":171,"_166":1235,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":904,"_177":905,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1230],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"The Five Pillars of Windows 7 (part 4 of 5)","/windows-7/the-five-pillars-of-windows-7-part-4-of-5-",{},"Apr 5, 2008","Bryant at AeroXperience is back with part 4 of this 5 part series on the pillars of Windows 7: This particular pillar focuses less on personalization and more on delivering your media to you quickly, efficiently, and vibrantly. Most of the material in this pillar is covered by the ehome labs, which means most of the material covered here will be fairly vague. As with the rest of the pillars, you'll find out more throughout the development of the operating system, though since the ehome team basically controls most of this pillar, I wouldn't be surprised to see an overwhelming amount of definition come to the scenarios in this pillar once the Beta 1 milestone is reached. Pillar Four: Optimized for Entertainment Content pervades everything. High Definition content can now be delivered over the internet while user created media is becoming as popular as ever. Will Microsoft finally break into the home entertainment environment with Windows 7?",{"_179":180,"_157":1237,"_181":1238,"_163":1240,"_165":1240,"_168":1241,"_941":1242,"_170":171,"_172":1243,"_174":171,"_166":1244,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":904,"_177":905,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1239],{"_57":936,"_185":937,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Dissecting today's Windows 7 stories","/windows-7/dissecting-today-s-windows-7-stories",{},"Apr 4, 2008","So it's been a curiously big day for Windows 7 news stories. Unfortunately, there's really not much happening, despite all the attention. Let's take a look: 1. Windows 7 and backwards compatibility. I've already blogged about this one, so just head over to my previous post for the details. The guy that wrote that article didn't actually ever work for Microsoft, as claimed on his bio page, and he clearly has no idea what he's talking about. He previously went by the moniker BOFH and used to create fake Longhorn screen shots. Verdict: It's utter baloney. But since Slashdot picked it up, it must be true. Ah, the Internet. 2. Is MinWin really the new Windows 7 kernel? The usually reliable Ed Bott delves into news about Microsoft replacing the kernel in Windows 7 with a more componentized version that's code-named MinWin. SuperSite readers will know that I've written about this topic a lot and have spoken to Microsoft on record about it. Unfortunately, Ed draws what I think is the wrong conclusion in this portion of his post: He’s talking about the guts of Windows 7 here, but he could just as easily be referring to any other recent-vintage release of the Windows NT family. It’s still bigger than I’d like it to be, but we’ve taken a shot recently at really stripping out all of the layers above and making sure that we had a clean architectural layer there, and we created what we call MinWin. Now, this is an internal only - you won’t see us productizing this - but you could imagine this being used as the basis for products in the future. This is the Windows 7 source code base, and it’s about 25 megs on disk. Compare that to the four gigs on disk that the full Windows Vista takes up. We don’t have a graphics subsystem other than text in this particular build, so you can see that’s our Windows flag [referring to an ASCII art splash screen]. It’s a research project, not a product plan. Not exactly. He meant that Microsoft wouldn't be p",{"_179":180,"_157":1246,"_181":1247,"_163":1251,"_165":1251,"_168":1252,"_941":1253,"_170":171,"_172":1254,"_174":171,"_166":1255,"_945":171,"_191":946,"_175":213,"_177":214,"_189":434,"_947":-5,"_948":949},{"_159":171,"_161":933},[1248],{"_57":1249,"_185":1250,"_187":171,"_938":171},"Karen Bemowski","/author/karen-bemowski","Effortless Management of Windows User Profiles","/microsoft-windows/effortless-management-of-windows-user-profiles",{},"Apr 3, 2008","Check out the latest products to hit the marketplace. PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT: Script Start Professional 2.0","sidebarModules",[1258,1333,1371,1417,1424],{"_88":1259,"_1260":1261,"_1330":1331},"module_content_cards","data",{"_115":1262,"_1263":1262,"_191":1264,"_929":1265,"_1326":1327,"_1328":1327,"_1329":-7},"Editor's Choice","moduleLabel","default",[1266,1286,1291,1310,1323],{"_88":1267,"_1260":1268},"contentPreview",{"_179":180,"_191":1269,"_157":1270,"_163":1273,"_165":1273,"_168":1274,"_170":1274,"_941":1275,"_172":1276,"_174":171,"_175":330,"_177":310,"_181":1277,"_189":190,"_947":1282},"card-horizontal",{"_159":1271,"_161":1272},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blted009d53042b6a96/673dc873f59c3326ad835a0e/jobs-key-1716x965_-_2024-08-21.jpg","jobs key on keyboard","IT Jobs Outlook 2025: Evolving Skills, AI, Workplace Flexibility Will Shape IT Workforce","/career-management/it-jobs-outlook-2025-evolving-skills-ai-workplace-flexibility-will-shape-it-workforce",{},"Nov 20, 2024",[1278],{"_57":1279,"_185":1280,"_187":1281},"Nathan Eddy","/author/nathan-eddy","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltd76bf4740a6e8198/6658946837ce132abb475f63/nathan-eddy-pic.webp",{"_1283":24,"_1284":1285},"paidContent","paidProductTaxonomy",[],{"_88":1287,"_1260":1288},"ad",{"_1289":1290},"pos","native_right_1v",{"_88":1267,"_1260":1292},{"_179":180,"_191":1269,"_157":1293,"_163":1296,"_165":1297,"_168":1298,"_170":1298,"_941":1299,"_172":1300,"_174":171,"_175":1301,"_177":1302,"_181":1303,"_189":390,"_947":1308},{"_159":1294,"_161":1295},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt8e3cff5562b9ae01/67462526b7779a7c7bca6346/green_IT_sustainability_hero.gif","an it pro is disappointed as a poster for sustainability is switched with one for financial results and garbage piles up next to a recycling bin","How Do I Advocate for Green IT Without Being Dismissed as a Lorax?","How Do I Advocate for Green IT Without Being Dismissed as a Lorax? ","/green-it/how-do-i-advocate-for-green-it-without-being-dismissed-as-a-lorax-",{},"Nov 27, 2024","Green IT","/it-management/it-sustainability/green-it",[1304],{"_57":1305,"_185":1306,"_187":1307},"Danielle Meinert","/author/danielle-meinert","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt6cea48e7fba9fe0c/66744228de07df7824ca2798/danielle-profile-photo.jpeg",{"_1283":24,"_1284":1309},[],{"_88":1267,"_1260":1311},{"_179":180,"_191":1269,"_157":1312,"_163":1315,"_165":1315,"_168":1316,"_170":1316,"_941":1317,"_172":1318,"_174":171,"_175":277,"_177":278,"_181":1319,"_189":336,"_947":1321},{"_159":1313,"_161":1314},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/blt169bb0721a0b9a6d/67401d99c70a870d4f57da8d/Ubuntu-1716x965_-_2024-11-22.jpg","person using a laptop with the Ubuntu logo on its scree","3 Simple Ways to Install and Run a Virtual Machine on Ubuntu","/it-operations/3-simple-ways-to-install-and-run-a-virtual-machine-on-ubuntu",{},"Nov 22, 2024",[1320],{"_57":184,"_185":186,"_187":188},{"_1283":24,"_1284":1322},[],{"_88":1287,"_1260":1324},{"_1289":1325},"native_right_2v","dateDisplay","show","contributorDisplay","displayAd","adConfig",{"_1332":26},"nativeAdOption",{"_88":1334,"_1260":1335},"module_link_list",{"_1336":1337,"_1338":1339,"_1340":1341,"_1342":171,"_1343":1344,"_716":24,"_1348":1349},"listOption","Dynamic","listTitle","Exclusive ITPro Resources","icon","Document","externalFeed","ctaButton",{"_1345":571,"_1346":1347},"ctaButtonLink","ctaButtonText","See all ITPro Resources","articles",[1350,1359,1363,1367],{"_179":1341,"_115":1351,"_59":1352,"_1353":24,"_1354":1355,"_1356":1357,"_1358":171,"_174":171},"ITPro Today’s 2024 State of DevOps Report","/devops/itpro-today-s-2024-state-of-devops-report","isExternalLink","readTime",2,"publishedDate","2024-12-16T13:00:00.000Z","eventDate",{"_179":1341,"_115":1360,"_59":1361,"_1353":24,"_1354":434,"_1356":1362,"_1358":171,"_174":171},"BCDR Basics: A Quick Reference Guide for Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery","/disaster-recovery/bcdr-basics-a-quick-reference-guide-for-business-continuity-disaster-recovery","2024-10-10T15:22:31.000Z",{"_179":1341,"_115":1364,"_59":1365,"_1353":24,"_1354":434,"_1356":1366,"_1358":171,"_174":171},"ITPro Today’s 2024 IT Priorities Report","/career-management/itpro-today-s-2024-it-priorities-report","2024-09-25T10:00:00.000Z",{"_179":1341,"_115":1368,"_59":1369,"_1353":24,"_1354":434,"_1356":1370,"_1358":171,"_174":171},"Tech Careers: Quick Reference Guide to IT Job Titles","/career-management/tech-careers-quick-reference-guide-to-it-job-titles","2024-09-13T10:45:00.000Z",{"_88":1259,"_1260":1372,"_1330":1416},{"_115":1373,"_1263":1374,"_191":1264,"_929":1375,"_1326":1415,"_1328":1415,"_1329":-7},"Technical Explainers","Featured Technical Explainers",[1376,1389,1402],{"_88":1267,"_1260":1377},{"_179":180,"_191":1269,"_157":1378,"_163":1381,"_165":1381,"_168":1382,"_170":1382,"_941":1383,"_172":1384,"_174":171,"_175":203,"_177":136,"_181":1385,"_189":206,"_947":1387},{"_159":1379,"_161":1380},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltfec5fcbd31c7f2a6/673b100cd675084d0707e288/AI-chip-1716x965_-_2024-11-18.jpg","AI chip","Cloud vs. On-Prem AI Accelerators: Choosing the Best Fit for Your AI Workloads","/cloud-computing/cloud-vs-on-prem-ai-accelerators-choosing-the-best-fit-for-your-ai-workloads",{},"Nov 18, 2024",[1386],{"_57":184,"_185":186,"_187":188},{"_1283":24,"_1284":1388},[],{"_88":1267,"_1260":1390},{"_179":180,"_191":1269,"_157":1391,"_163":1394,"_165":1394,"_168":1395,"_170":1395,"_941":1396,"_172":1397,"_174":171,"_175":203,"_177":136,"_181":1398,"_189":336,"_947":1400},{"_159":1392,"_161":1393},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltd277e0c4548d3c42/673278ac8d8bc463268a48b4/SaaS-1716x965_-_2024-11-11.jpg","SaaS concept on a tablet","Why SaaS Backup Matters: Protecting Data Beyond Vendor Guarantees","/cloud-computing/why-saas-backup-matters-protecting-data-beyond-vendor-guarantees",{},"Nov 12, 2024",[1399],{"_57":184,"_185":186,"_187":188},{"_1283":24,"_1284":1401},[],{"_88":1267,"_1260":1403},{"_179":180,"_191":1269,"_157":1404,"_163":1407,"_165":1407,"_168":1408,"_170":1408,"_941":1409,"_172":1410,"_174":171,"_175":280,"_177":281,"_181":1411,"_189":206,"_947":1413},{"_159":1405,"_161":1406},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltdf272a7a39b366c2/672b48253c936766d5282090/DevOps-code-1716x965_-_2024-09-06.jpg","DevOps logo on top of code","DevOps: Key to Faster, More Efficient Government Software Development","/devops/devops-key-to-faster-more-efficient-government-software-development",{},"Nov 6, 2024",[1412],{"_57":184,"_185":186,"_187":188},{"_1283":24,"_1284":1414},[],"hide",{"_1332":24},{"_88":1418,"_1419":919,"_1260":1420},"module_newsletter_promo","uid",{"_115":916,"_847":917,"_918":919,"_848":920,"_191":194,"_921":922,"_1421":24,"_1422":1423},"isOnHomepage","moduleLocation","sidebar",{"_88":1259,"_1260":1425,"_1330":1458},{"_115":1426,"_1263":1427,"_191":1428,"_929":1429,"_1326":1415,"_1328":1415,"_1329":-7},"What Is","Recent What Is","column",[1430,1445],{"_88":1267,"_1260":1431},{"_179":1341,"_191":192,"_157":1432,"_163":1360,"_165":1435,"_168":1361,"_170":1361,"_941":1436,"_172":1437,"_174":171,"_175":367,"_177":368,"_181":1438,"_189":434,"_947":1443},{"_159":1433,"_161":1434},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltd6267f0056e427cb/6707f1e94c215e0bdbe8db2f/image-1795x965_(2).jpg","cartoon shows a person next to a checklist and several icons that represent disaster scenarios","BCDR Basics: A Quick Reference Guide for IT Pros",{},"Oct 10, 2024",[1439],{"_57":1440,"_185":1441,"_187":1442},"Ian Horowitz","/author/ian-horowitz","https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltc93aa705007174ee/66a10526893fa79494559f62/itpro-contributor-icon2.png",{"_1283":24,"_1284":1444},[],{"_88":1267,"_1260":1446},{"_179":180,"_191":192,"_157":1447,"_163":1450,"_165":1450,"_168":1451,"_170":1451,"_941":1452,"_172":1453,"_174":171,"_175":219,"_177":220,"_181":1454,"_189":206,"_947":1456},{"_159":1448,"_161":1449},"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt07f68461ccd75245/bltfffa964ee37aaf1e/66f6ee6fe8a6b02af4dab7fe/powershell_environment_variables_chart.png","technology interface with a person's hand drawing gears and cogs","Introduction To PowerShell Environment Variables","/powershell/introduction-to-powershell-environment-variables",{},"Sep 30, 2024",[1455],{"_57":268,"_185":269,"_187":270},{"_1283":24,"_1284":1457},[],{"_1332":24},"resourcesModule","metadata",{"_88":1462,"_1419":1463,"_1464":1465,"_1466":12},"topic","blt3d3292146370e3db","aid","921137","reg","schema",[1469],{"_1470":1471,"_1472":1473,"_1474":1475},"@context","https://schema.org","@type","BreadcrumbList","itemListElement",[1476,1480,1482],{"_1472":1477,"_1478":434,"_57":752,"_1479":10},"ListItem","position","item",{"_1472":1477,"_1478":1355,"_57":912,"_1479":1481},"https://www.itprotoday.com/operating-systems",{"_1472":1477,"_1478":390,"_57":213,"_1479":1483},"https://www.itprotoday.com/operating-systems/microsoft-windows","seo",{"_1486":1487,"_1488":1489,"_1490":1491,"_1492":24,"_1493":1494,"_13":14},"canonicalUrl","https://www.itprotoday.com/operating-systems/microsoft-windows?page=117","metaDescription","Explore the latest news and expert commentary on Microsoft Windows brought to you by the editors of ITPro Today","metaTitle","Microsoft Windows Recent News | ITPro Today","noIndex","imageUrl","https://www.itprotoday.com/assets/itprotoday-DWmeQ76g.ico","gtm",{"_1497":1498},"loadEvent",{"_1499":1500,"_1504":1505,"_1507":1508},"attributes",{"_1484":1501},{"_1502":1487,"_1503":24},"canonicalURL","hideFromSearchEngines","category",{"_1506":1462},"pageType","pageInfo",{"_1509":1463,"_1510":213,"_1511":1483},"pageID","pageName","destinationURL","isLivePreview","actionData","errors"]

Related Topics

Recent in Cloud

Related Topics

Recent in OS

Related Topics

Recent in IT Mgmt

Related Topics

Recent in Career

Related Topics

Recent in Storage

Related Topics

Recent in Security

Related Topics

Recent in Dev

Related Topics

Recent in DX

Related Topics

Recent in Infrastructure

Related Topics

Microsoft Windows

Editor's Choice

Featured Technical Explainers

Recent What Is