NSA Gives Assessment of Cyber Threats from Russia, China, and AI

International adversaries present ever more aggressive risks to cybersecurity while generative AI might accelerate attacks -- and possibly defense efforts.

ukraine and russia flags on broken cement
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Nation states are engaging in increasingly belligerent, malicious cyber activity, according to Rob Joyce, director of cybersecurity with the NSA.

That was some of the perspective he offered about bad actors in his “State of the Hack” presentation at the RSA Conference in San Francisco last week, outlining recent and ongoing cyber threats.

Top of mind for Joyce and the NSA this year is the continued conflict in Ukraine, where Russia persists in real-world and digital assaults on the country. “There were more than 2,000 attacks from Russia in 2022, and over 300 were against the defense and security sectors,” he said.

Some 400 cyberattacks against Ukraine targeted civilian infrastructure, telecom, finance, and energy, according to Joyce. More than 500 cyberattacks were aimed at government entities that are not part of defense. “That’s more than 10 cyberattacks a day going across a broad swath of the infrastructure,” he said.

As of 2023, Joyce said, Ukraine was reporting more integrated cyber and “kinetic effects” -- in other words, the hacking efforts were being coordinated with military attacks.

There are three types of cyberattacks being seen primarily, Joyce said, in the conflict:

  • Intelligence collection to prosecute the war

  • Disruptive activity to break down civil society

  • Hacktivist activity from supporters of Russia’s aggression

Related:AI Pioneer Quits Google to Warn Humanity of the Tech's Existential Threat

He cited the GRU, Russia’s foreign military intelligence agency, has been the predominant actor in such digital aggression. “Ukraine has been a GRU target for...

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About the Authors

Joao-Pierre S. Ruth

Senior writer, InformationWeek

Joao-Pierre S. Ruth has spent his career immersed in business and technology journalism. He first covered local industries in New Jersey and later became the New York editor for Xconomy, where he delved into the city's tech startup community. He also freelanced for such outlets as TheStreet, Investopedia and Street Fight. Joao-Pierre earned his bachelor's in English from Rutgers University. 

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